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In heavy traffic, on winding roads, going downhill and when approaching a bridge. Constantly accelerating and braking will use significantly more fuel than maintaining a set speed. Cruise control is an electronic system that enables you to fix a vehicle’s accelerator on a specific speed, so you can take your foot off the pedal. Quick acceleration and deceleration change the vehicle’s momentum drastically and wastes fuel. So, using cruise control is most fuel-efficient on level highways and long uphill and downhill grades.
Safety
Some ICC systems can even detect and respond to pedestrians and other obstacles, providing an added layer of safety. While driving through the city, you’ll face a number of stop lights and stop signs that will require manual braking. As you’re learning how to operate a vehicle, understanding cruise control will help increase your comfort behind the wheel and knowledge of driving. One minute you’re driving your car and everything seems fine, and the next moment you hear a strange noise coming from your car as you accelerate. For example, if the road gradient is 5 ° we’ll give an additional 1500 N to the wheel in order to compensate for the disturbance. Instead of engine torque as an input we are going to use the traction force.
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The Xcos vehicle model (also called the plant) is constructed as a subsystem (user function) with two signal inputs and one signal output. The signal inputs are the actual input of the system, the traction force (controlled by the driver or cruise control function) and the road gradient (disturbance). Cruise control is far more common on American cars than European cars, because the roads in America are generally bigger and straighter, and destinations are farther apart. While knowing how to use cruise control can reduce leg fatigue, it can require more mental concentration. The car will maintain speed even if road conditions change, so you must carefully pay attention to the road and traffic. When you’re using your car’s cruise control feature, don’t forget your defensive driving skills.

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That is, the driver manually sets and then can adjust the desired speed, while the cruise control system automatically responds to the driver’s input via steering-wheel-mounted controls. As always, drivers should consult their vehicle manual to determine which cruise control features are available and how to use them. This step will vary widely based on your vehicle make and model, however, many cruise control settings are accessible from the steering wheel controls.
After the road gradient return to zero, the feedforward force becomes 0 and the total traction force is returning to nominal value, 300 N. For a feedforward control system we need to map the adjustment of the input signal function of the known disturbances. To do this we’ll create a look-up table which will output a traction force function of the road gradient.
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It uses GPS and map data to see into the future and predict what's coming up on the road, like hills or curves, and adjusts your speed accordingly. This means you get a smoother ride and better fuel efficiency, but it all depends on the quality of the GPS and map data. If that's a bit out of date, your fortune-telling cruise control might not be so accurate. It's usually found in more high-end vehicles where top-notch fuel efficiency is a focus for the engineers.
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One potential downside to using cruise control is that it can result in the driver having a reduced reaction time when they must respond quickly to an unexpected situation on the road. Motorbiscuit reminds drivers that cruise control is not a hands-free driving feature. Distracted driving is a bad driving habit that can lead to crashes, so always stay alert. Cruise control is a valuable feature that can enhance your driving experience by providing comfort, convenience, and fuel efficiency.
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Adaptive cruise control uses sensors around the vehicle’s exterior to maintain speed while keeping a safe following distance from the car ahead. The system will slow you down and speed you up as the flow of traffic fluctuates throughout your commute, removing a lot of the stress from daily driving. However, adaptive cruise control may not work well in bad weather or protect you from sudden movements, so you will want to always keep your full attention on the road.
– Set cruise control
If there are multiple vehicles in the sensor’s field of coverage at the same time, it automatically selects which of the vehicles the system should track. The purpose of a cruise control system is to accurately maintain a speed set by the driver without any outside intervention by controlling the throttle-accelerator pedal linkage. Regarding cruise control best practices, always keep your feet close to the pedals, be aware of your overall surroundings, and always maintain a safe distance from other cars on the road.
As you can see the output vehicle speed is fed back to the difference block, which calculates the speed error (delta between setpoint and actual). As you can see, when the road gradient increases, the vehicle can not maintain the same speed and it’s decelerating. After the road gradient return to zero, the vehicle starts to pick up speed, at a slow rate due to inertia. There are also feedforward control systems, which are open loop control systems but with an adjustment of the control input function of disturbances. Adaptive cruise control is the next big thing in terms of automated speed management in new cars.
One of the main advantages of using cruise control is improved fuel efficiency. By maintaining a constant speed, cruise control helps reduce fuel consumption, leading to better gas mileage. Rapid acceleration and deceleration, on the other hand, can lead to increased fuel consumption.
So, if the cruise control is set at 60 mph and the car is going 50 mph, the throttle position will be open quite far. When the car is going 55 mph, the throttle position opening will be only half of what it was before. The result is that the closer the car gets to the desired speed, the slower it accelerates. Also, if you were on a steep enough hill, the car might not accelerate at all. Controlling the speed of a car is a classic application of control system theory.
If you have adaptive cruise control, you may need to set your distance so the system knows how much gap to leave between you and the car ahead of you. Some manufacturers include three settings, while others can have up to five. If you have ACC, the car will automatically brake and accelerate to keep the correct distance while generally maintaining your set speed when possible. The system uses a forward-facing camera and sensors to detect the speed and distance of the vehicle in front of the driver. If the vehicle ahead slows down or speeds up, ICC automatically adjusts the speed of the driver’s car to maintain a safe following distance.
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